Enzymes structure and fuction

 INTRODUCTION:

      There is complete check and balance on the chemistry of cell,which exhibited through various enzymatic reactions going on within cell.

In cell at a time thousand of reactions these all reactions are quickly carried by a biocatalyst called as ENZYMES.

MEANING:

En means inside, Zymes means yeast.

It was first discovered in yeast therefore named as ENZYMES.

DEFINITION:

   Enzymes is a biocatalyst which speed up of a chemical reactions by lowering activation energy inside living organism without being consumed in reaction.

EXISTANCE IN CELL:

They exist as colloids in living cell.

FIRST ENZYME DISCOVERED:

     During early nineteenth century two french chemists  PAYEN and PERSOZ grounded up barley seeds in water to make a crude mixture that would digest a starch .

They gave the name diastase to it which digest starch in living cell.

The first enzyme discovered was called as diastase and it belongs to CLASS HYDROLASES.

FASTEST ENZYME:

The fastest enzyme is CARBONIC ANHYDRASE found in RBC where it help in transport of gases caron dioxide and oxygen in blood.

COMPOSITION:

   Enzymes are purely and wholly formed from proteins only one enzyme is made up of RNA enzyme called as RIBOZYMES.

STRUCTURE:

 Enzymes is made up of globular protein(type of ptotein).

Enzymes is   quarternary structure protein when it is at rest while during function it acquire TERTIARY STRUCTURE.

One enzyme is made up of RNA called as RIBOZYMES found in Ribosomes.

Enzymes have one or more polypeptide chains.

Enzymes has three dimensional structure which divided into two parts 1-Active site 2-Allosteric site.

COMPONENTS of an enzyme:

1-Active site:

     The part of an enzyme where reactants(susbtrate) binds during reaction and convert to product.

      The active site of an enzyme consist of linear structure of aminoacids(3-12).

     The active site of an enzyme has charge because aminoacids has charge.

     Active site of an enzyme consist of 2 parts:

A-Binding site:

       The site on an enzyme where substrate find during a reaction.

        It main function is to hold the susbstrate.

B-Catalytic site:

       The site on enzyme which catalyzes a reaction.

       Its main function is catalysis of reaction.

2-Allosteric site:

        The frame work of an enzyme other than active site is called as Allosteric site.

         It is the part of enzyme where cofactor or inhibitors bind which either activate an enzyme or deactivate it.

IMPORTANT MCQS IN THIS TOPIC:

1-Enzyme was first discovered in_cell:

Answer: FUNGI CELL(YEAST)

2-First enzyme discovered is called as:

Answer: DIASTASE

3-First enzyme discovered was belong to _class of enzyme:

Answer: HYDROLASES

4-Enzymes are made up of _:

Answer: PROTEINS

5-The enzyme made up of RNA is called as:

Answer: RIBOZYME

6-Ribozymes enzymes found in:

Answer: RIBOSOMES

7-Enzymes also called as:

Answer: BIOCATALYST

8-Enzymes_the activation energy:

Answer: LOWERS

9-Enzymes has _structures:

Answer: 3 STRUCTURES (SECONDARY,TERTIARY,QUARTERNARY)

10-The part of an enzyme where reactions occur is called:

Answer: ACTIVE SITE

11-Enzymes is _dimensional:

Answer: 3 

12-Active site has_aminoacids:

Answer: 3-12

13-Aminoacids acquire _structure in active site:

Answer: LINEAR

14-Enzymes acquires _structure during reaction:

Answer: TERTIARY

15-Active site has _parts:

Answer: 2 

16-The framework of an enzyme other than active site is called:

Answer: ALLOSTERIC SITE

17-Enzymes are made up of _proteins:

Answer: GLOBULAR

18-Is enzyme act as reactant:

Answer: NO 

19-Is enzyme consumed during reaction:

Answer: NO

20-The fastest enzyme is called as:

Answer:  CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

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