Bioenergetics

WHAT IS BIOENERGETICS?

Bioenergetics is defined as *The transformation of energy in living system*.

EXPLAINATION:

Living things perfom many functions like they grow,reproduce etc for all these functions requires energy supply these energy is provided by different metabolic reactions this quantitative energy transformation and energy relationships in biological system is called as Bioenergetics.

Actually Bioenergetics is the name of energy transformation in cells.Thousands of metabolic reactions occurs in livings cells all time and these reactions are concerned with making or breaking of bonds in the molecules .When chemical bonds broken energy is released and when bonds are formed energy is stored.

ALLAH AlMIGHTY created Sunlight which is the main source of energy maintaining all life forms on earth.But no organism can use direct sunlight energy for metabolism.All organisms use energy stored in organic food molecules such as fats ,carbohydrates etc.

There are two main fundamental bioenergetics processes; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION.

PHOTOSYNTHEIS:

The process by which green plants prepare there food by using CO2 and water in the presence of sunlight and photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll and carotenoids).

Overall reaction:

6CO2 + 12 H20 = C6H1206(glucose) + 6H2O + 602(by product)

(PRODUCT) (REGENERATED BY PRODUCT)

Photosynthesis is redox reaction.

It is energy storing process.

It occurs in plants,bacteria and in some protists like algae.

RESPIRATION:

The fundamental biological process defined as*The breakdown of organic food molecule to release energy *.

It is energy releasing process.

There are two types of respiration:

1-Anaerobic respiration:

Incomplete breakdown of food molecule.

It occurs in absence of oxygen.

It occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

2-Aerobic respiration:

Complete breakdown of food molecule

Release more energy.

It occurs in presence of oxygen.

It occurs only in eukaryotes.

BIOENERGETICS SUMMARY:

Sunlight energy captured by plants and perform photosynthesis and store chemical energy by producing organic food molecule which then used by other organisms and they used the stored energy in form of mechanical energy (ATP).

IMPORTANT MCQS IN THIS TOPIC:

1-The energy transformation in living system called as:

Answer: BIOENERGETICS

2-_%Sunlight used in photosynthesis:

Answer:1

3-Energy is _when chemical bonds broken:

Answer: RELEASED

4-Which fundamental bioenergetics process is energy storing process:

Answer: PHOTOSYNTHESIS

5-Photosynthesis store energy in form of :

Answer: CHEMICAL

6-The by product of photosynthesis is: