Conjugated molecules

 TOPIC# 13      CONJUGATED MOLECULES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

CONJUGATED MOLECULES:

           It is defined as "The molecule which is formed from two different molecules belonging to different categories".

For example:

        When Lipid molecule combine with protein molecule and they form another molecule LIPOPROTEIN, this lipoprotein is termed as CONJUGATED MOLECULE.

There are different type of conjugated molecules but in human body 4 conjugated molecules found abundantly which are discussed below:

1-GLYCOLIPIDS:

      They are called as complex lipids.

    They formed by combination of sugar molecule with long fatty acid chain or Alcohol.

    They are present in mylein sheath of Neuron work as insulation and enhance speed of impule.

    They are also present in white membrane of brain and act as energy source for brain.

    They are also present in chloroplast membrane act as surface makers and impulse recognition system.

    They are also present in cell membrane act as cell surface makers.

     They also form the structural role of  extracellular matrix of animals and bacterial cell.

Important point:

The taysacs disease is also caused by the accmulation of glycolipids in brain cells.

2-GLYCOPROTEIN:

    The widely distributed conjugated molecule in cell.

    They are formed when Protein is covalently attached to sugar molecule.

   They are the integral mean basic component of cell membrane.

  They are also present in egg albumin which are very energetic.

   The blood group antigen also made up of glycoprotein so in this way they also help in blood grouping.

   They also act as receptor proteins.

   They also function as hormones ,transport and structured proteins.

3-LIPOPROTEIN:

    Important component in all biological membranes without this no membrane exist.

    They are formed by combination of  Proteins with phospholipid molecule.

    Phospholipids is the type of lipid made up of one glycerol,two fatty acid and one phosphate group mostly biological membranes conatin this type of lipids.

    They are widely distributed in animals and plants cells.

     Mitochondrial membrane is also made up of Lipoprotein.

    Nuclear membrane also contain lipoprotein.

    They also found in milk,chloroplast membranes,blood,cell nucleus and egg yolk membrane.

 4-NUCLEOPROTEINS:

      Mostly present in cell nucleus.

     They are formed by the cobination protein molecule with nucleic acid.

     A eukaryotic chromosome or prokaryotic chromosome is also basically a nucleoprotein made up of combination of protein molecule with DNA molecule.

    They are slightly acdic.

    They are also soluble in water.

    They are also present in Ribosomes.

IMPORTANT MCQS IN THIS TOPIC:

1-Mostly molecules present in human body in form of:

Answer: CONJUGATED FORM

2-Which type of conjugated molecules soluble in water:

 Answer: NUCLEIC ACID

3-Which type of conjugated molecule is acidic:

Answer: NUCLEOPROTEIN

4-Which molecule is integral component of cell membrane:

Answer: LIPOPROTEINS

5-Which molecules is also called as complex lipids:

Answer: GLYCOLIPIDS

6-In brain white matter which molecule is present:

Answer: GLYCOLIPID

7-Antigens made up of which Glycoprotein:

Answer: GLYCOPROTEIN

8-Which molecule is basic part of chromosome:

Answer: NUCLEOPROTEIN

9-Which molecule is framework of ribosomes:

Answer: NUCLEOPROTEIN

10-Which molecule present In egg albumin:

Answer: GLYCOPROTEIN

11-Which two conjugated molecules have structural role in extracellular matrix of cell cytoplasm:

Answer: GLYCOLIPIDS AND GLYCOPROTEINS

12-Which type of lipids present in  Cell membrane:

Answer: PHOSPHOLIPIDS 

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